A spherical cap is the portion of a sphere cut off by a plane. It resembles a dome and is formed by slicing the top off a sphere. It's often encountered in geometry, architecture, and physics, particularly when analyzing volumes of partially filled spheres (like a bowl).
\[ V = \frac{1}{6} \pi h (3r^2 + h^2) \]
Alternate form (in terms of sphere radius \(R\)):
\[ V = \pi h^2 \left(R - \frac{h}{3}\right) \]
\[ A = 2 \pi R h \]
Alternate expression (when \(r\) is known):
\[ A = \pi (r^2 + h^2) \]