A vertical shift moves the graph of a function up or down without altering its shape. It is expressed by the transformation:
\[
g(x) = f(x) + C
\]
where \( C \) is a constant.
How It Works
If \( C > 0 \), the graph shifts upward by \( C \) units.
If \( C < 0 \), the graph shifts downward by \( |C| \) units.
The x-values remain unchanged — only the y-values are affected.
The graph's shape and width remain the same.
Applications
Used in function graph transformations in algebra and calculus.
Models vertical adjustments in physics, such as potential energy graphs.
Appears in finance for shifting baselines or thresholds.
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